About data centers

About data centers

Links

Two lists. Opinion is not a source for numbers. Receipts are the documents already on the essay. No guessed links.

Opinion

Not a source for numbers. Title confirmed. Do not cite it for stats.

  1. The Data Center Panic and U.S. Decline

    WSJ Opinion. Opinion.

    Opinion. Not used for any figure on this page.

    https://www.wsj.com/opinion/data-center-u-s-elections-ai-josh-shapiro-sherrod-brown-tom-tiffany-029c93ea

Receipts

Sources already on the page, in one place. These are the documents behind the numbers.

  1. Energy and AI

    International Energy Agency. April 2025.

    https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-and-ai/executive-summary

  2. Key Questions on Energy and AI

    International Energy Agency. 2026.

    https://www.iea.org/reports/key-questions-on-energy-and-ai/executive-summary

  3. 2024 United States Data Center Energy Usage Report, LBNL-2001637

    Shehabi et al., Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. December 2024.

    https://eta-publications.lbl.gov/sites/default/files/2024-12/us_data_center_energy_usage_report_lbnl-2001637_0.pdf

  4. Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 2015

    USGS Fact Sheet 2018-3035. 2018.

    https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3035/fs20183035.pdf

  5. Schedule of Water Use by Data Center Location, year ended 31 Dec 2025

    Alphabet Inc., EY-reviewed. 22 Jun 2026.

    https://sustainability.google/files/alphabet-fy2025-environmental-indicators-assurance-letter/

  6. Making AI Less Thirsty

    Li, Yang, Islam, Ren. arXiv 2304.03271. April 2023.

    https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.03271

  7. PUR-2025-00058, Dominion Energy Virginia biennial review

    Virginia State Corporation Commission. 25 Nov 2025.

    https://www.scc.virginia.gov/about-the-scc/newsreleases/release/scc-issues-order-on-dev-biennial-review-2025/scc-rules-in-dev-biennial-review-case.html

  8. Our first offsite heat recovery project lands in Finland

    Google and Haminan Energia. 20 May 2024.

    https://blog.google/company-news/inside-google/around-the-globe/google-europe/our-first-offsite-heat-recovery-project-lands-in-finland/

  9. Sustainable by design: Next-generation datacenters consume zero water for cooling

    Microsoft, Steve Solomon. 9 Dec 2024.

    https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-cloud/blog/2024/12/09/sustainable-by-design-next-generation-datacenters-consume-zero-water-for-cooling/

  10. Microsoft completes construction on first datacenter facility in Mount Pleasant, Wisconsin

    Microsoft Source. 23 Jun 2026.

    https://news.microsoft.com/source/2026/06/23/microsoft-completes-construction-on-first-datacenter-facility-in-mount-pleasant-wisconsin/

  11. Closed-loop cooling explained: the plumbing behind Meta's AI

    Meta. 2026.

    https://about.fb.com/news/2026/08/closed-loop-cooling-explained-the-plumbing-behind-metas-ai/

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